This research aimed to determine the geotechnical properties of soils along the British American area, Jos, Northcentral Nigeria. A total of five (5) soil samples were collected at a depth of 1.5 m and subjected to geotechnical tests: moisture content, specific gravity, liquid limit, plastic limit, linear shrinkage, and plasticity index. The moisture content of the soil ranges from 10.7 to 21.2%, while the specific gravity of soil ranges from 2.65 to 3.10. The liquid limit ranges from 35.24 to 38.5%, plastic limit value varies from 15.76 to 24.07%, plasticity index value ranges from 11.17 to 20.24%, and linear shrinkage value from 6.69 to 7.54%. Cassagrande plasticity chart indicates that all the soil samples plot within the CL-Group. The value of specific gravity (2.65 to 3.10) shows that the soil samples in the area can be categorized into sand, silty sand, and soil with mica or iron. Based on the value of the liquid limit, the degree of expansion was categorized into a medium degree of expansion (35-50%), while the danger of severity zone was identified as marginal (35 to 50%). Based on the plasticity index value, two (2) danger of severity zones were identified as non-critical with a plasticity index value of <12% and marginal with a plasticity index of 12 to 23%. The degree of expansion was classified as low with a plasticity index value of <12% and medium with a plasticity index value of 12 to 23%. The value of linear shrinkage indicates a non-critical danger of severity zone with a value of <15%, and the degree of expansion is low. Two (2) plasticity index zones of medium plastic and highly plastic were identified, while two (2) swelling potential zones were classified as low with a plasticity index value of 0 to 15% and medium with a plasticity index value of 15 to 25%. The soil type in the study area can be classified into two: silt clay with a plasticity index of 7-17% and clay with a plasticity index of >17%.

This study assessed the impact of road runoff on the ecological risk of heavy metals in the Eagle Island River. Runoff samples were collected from a drainage network of secondary and primary drains and an outlet. The drains were situated in the Rivers State University, Port Harcourt campus while the outlet is the Eagle Island River. Samples from the secondary drain, primary drain, upstream and downstream of outlet were labelled as SD, PD, US, and DS respectively. Samples were collected and analyzed using standard methods between the months of August and October, 2023. Heavy metals including Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer Instrument (GBC XplorAA, Australia). Total pollution of heavy metals was determined using the degree of contamination (Cd) and the modified degree of contamination (mCd) while the potential ecological risk was assessed by the Risk Index (RI). Results showed spatial variation of heavy metal concentration along the drainage network and Cd and Pb concentrations in all samples exceeded the WHO guideline. Cd and mCd values ranged between 22.20 – 88.70 and 4.44 – 17.74 respectively while the RI values ranged between 217.72 – 609.53. This implies that the entire drainage network was polluted by heavy metals and Cd and Pb were largely responsible for the pollution load with Cd contributing a range of 7.75% – 26.46% while Pb contributed 66.88% – 90.14%. Cd and Pb are carcinogenic, therefore storm runoff treatment is recommended for environmental sustainability.

The principle of plant suitability is of great significance to plant configuration. The plant configuration that meets the principle of plant suitability can have an excellent effect on the environment in both ecological effect and ornamental effect. However, the plant configuration that violates the principle of plant applicability can not only cause ecological damage to the environment, but also bring serious economic losses to the society. Nowadays, the unique value and characteristics of native plants have been gradually discovered by people, and native plants have begun to integrate into the urban landscape planning and design. The outstanding applicability of native plants has brought visible ecological and economic benefits to the urban environmental landscape. In plant allocation, we should give full consideration to the applicability characteristics of local plants, so that local plants can have a more positive impact on the environmental landscape and give play to the important value of local plants.

Elimination of Indigo carmine color by adsorption method on eggshell (ESP), date palm seeds (DPS) and papaya seeds powder (PSP) from watery arrangement was researched. The examination done by following group mode strategies, for example, dose mg/g, pH, focus, contact time and speed rpm separately. The surface reading examined through; FTIR-Fourier change electron microscopy, SEM-Scanning electron microscopy and EDS-Energy dispersive x-beam investigation. Best adsorption follows dynamic pseudo – second request motor plots. Adsorption isotherms best fitted in Langmuir and Freundlich plots. Results pronounced that most extreme expulsion of color was accomplished at powerful portion for ESP is 500mg, DPSP 100mg while for PSP is 80mg at enhanced pH3, utilizing 50mg/l convergence of color, contact time and 100speed rpm study performed at room temperature.

Water purification for human consumption purposes consists in the removal of different contaminants as chemicals (i.e., pollutants, toxic metals), biological contaminants (algae, bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses), suspended solids, and gases. But we will use simple method to clean water which has algae, parasites activities, etc. by simple gravel, sand, and earthen materials. Filtration is the process in which the solid particles are removed in a liquid or gaseous fluid are removed by use of filter medium. And control the amount of TDS, EC, pH, and other parameters. We applied simple law of physics that is gravity. We filtered the wastewater from tube containing layer of earthen materials and lastly, we filtered the semi cleaned water from UV membranes (Nano membrane). We used three boxes in which 1st box had small gravels and in other 2nd box had sand and charcoal passed through water from these medium and final products collect in 3rd box and checked the different medias of water. This experiment was performed with different sources of water, and this gave good results with good efficiency of medias like TDS, EC, PH etc. this experiment is performed with low income and with the help of natural coagulants.

Due to the gradual drying of parts of Urmia Lake, several centers of salt dust which is created and influence the agriculture, economy, public health and causes migrations within the region of the Urmia Lake. Hence, knowing the temporal and spatial distribution of this phenomenon is very important to quantify these effects. In the present study, using Sentinel-5 and MODIS products for 2020 in the Google Earth system, have shown despite month-to-month fluctuations, has an increasing trend and the incremental changes of fine dust are more considerable in May and June and their dispersal are greater in the northern and northwestern cities in the basin of the Urmia Lake. The distribution of fine dust in the cities of Tabriz, Shabestar, Urmia, Mahabad, Khoy, Salmas, and Tabak, shows heavy concentrations of the dusts, and exhibits destructive impacts on the economy (60.80%) in December and also has adverse effects on the health index. And most of the referrals of people suffering from diseases caused by fine dust in December is (47.50%). The two indicators of agriculture and migration are closely related and the most effects of salt dust for these two indicators showed (15%) in November and (40.51%) in July, respectively. According to the results, it can be said that these dust particles have the greatest impact on the indices (migration, economy, agriculture, and health) of urban regions of the basin of Urmia Lake from 2019 to 2020. The results of this study can directly contribute to the decision-making process by the local authorities to understand the environmental problems across urban and rural areas of Urmia lakes which is at considerable risk.