Journal Clean WAS (JCleanWAS)

Respiratory symptoms among children cases increased dramatically was believe due to poor indoor air quality. Nursery and day care centre (DCC) appear to be the site of exposure and transmission of airborne microorganism between children. This study aims to assess the relation between the colony forming unit level of biological contaminant (bacteria and fungi) between urban and suburban location correlate with indoor air quality (IAQ) parameters. Besides, the other aims for this study were to identify the types of an airborne pathogenic microbial contaminant in the nursery and DCC. The airborne microbial sampling was done by using Surface Air System Indoor air Quality (SAS IAQ), which taken at the end of June until early August 2015. This study presents the diversity of indoor airborne bacteria and fungi in the nursery and DCC demonstrated in relation to occupancy, location, and ventilation system. Correlation between bacteria and fungi counts and the other IAQ parameters (temperature, RH, CO2, and CO) was unable to be studied due to instruments limitation. Counts of airborne bacteria and fungi were measured as colony forming units (CFU) grown on agar plates. CFU counts were compared by sampling sessions and sampling locations (babies room, a kindergarten room, and control room). Fluctuations in bacteria and fungi counts in such conditions were observed. Three groups of culturable bacteria were identified: Gram-positive cocci, Gram-positive bacilli, and Gram-negative bacteria while five genera of fungi successfully identified were Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhizopus, MucorandChrysonilia. Certain bacteria isolated from this study were identified at a species level by 16s rRNA amplification including S. haemolyticus, A. baumannii, P. stutzeri, M. osloensis, M. luteus, B. subtilis, Rothia spp., and Roseomonasspp. Overall findings suggest that IAQ level in investigated sites was at poor level due to high bacteria and fungi concentrations with isolation of some opportunistic pathogenic microorganism. This pathogenic microorganism will cause adverse health reaction especially to young children. This study will provide a baseline of hygienic indoor air quality in nursery and day care centre.

We assessed the blue and green water consumption for cultivating barley in the Thi-Qar province, Iraq. CROPWAT 8.0 model was used to compute the total crop water use for both crops based on the meteorological data such as rainfall, maximum and minimum temperature, wind speed, sunshine and humidity as well as the soil and crop characteristics. The Penmann-Monteith method has been applied to calculate the evapotranspiration rate. The results showed that the ranges of blue water consumption for barley for10 years were between 761 m3/ton – 2,275 m3/ton. Whereas the green water footprint for the same years was ranged from 47 m3/ton – 1,235 m3/ton. The results of this study can provide valuable information about water consumption and water availability in the Thi-Qar Province and serve as a guideline to solve or reduce water scarcity problem, thus help the relevant authorities to adopt new water strategies for Thi-Qar Province, Iraq.

In recent days, bacterial diseases are very common among all the aquatic organisms. Particularly in grow out ponds they cause heavy loss in aquaculture. To overcome this problem, the use of antibiotics become a common practice, thus leads to the development of antibiotic resistant strains. In this regard, a new attempt has been made to study the immunostimulatory effect of alginic acid, a sulphated polysaccharide derived from brown seaweed Sargassum wightii, on the disease resistance in Penaeus monodon. The immunological parameters, such as Total Haemocyte Count (THC), Prophenoloxidase activity, Respiratory burst (NBT assay), Superoxide dismutase activity and Phagocytic activity were monitored after challenging against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Before the challenge study, the test animals were fed with different concentrations (1,2,3 g/kg as A1, A2, A3) of alginic acid fed diet for 45 days. All the immunological parameters showed a significant increase with an increasing concentration of alginic acid, in the test animals compared to the control throughout the experimental study period.

Foodborne diseases are a recognized problem worldwide and the search is on to discover novel antimicrobial agents from natural sources that can replace the use of synthetic antimicrobial compounds. One of such sources are microalgae. The antibacterial efficacy of pigment extract from Scenedesmus sp. was tested against foodborne Staphylococcusaureus. The extract was prepared using 90% acetone and varying amounts was added to food suspension spiked with a known volume of the bacteria. Antibacterial activity was observed and evaluated through bacterial colony counts. Uncountable bacterial colonies were observed in the sample with 0.41 mg/ml and 0.81 mg/ml concentration of pigment extract as they were TMTC and there was no growth of bacterial colonies in samples with 2.83 mg/ml – 4.05 mg/ml concentration of pigment extract.The results of this study suggest that Scenedesmus sp. is a potential source of antibacterial compounds for food applications as an additive.

The use of amlodipine is very common due to the effects of amlodipine on hypertension and coronary artery disease (CAD) like chronic stable angina, vasospastic angina (Prinzmetal’s or variant angina), and angiographically documented CAD. Amlodipine is involved in several combinations with other antihypertensive drugs. The analysis of amlodipine and its co-drugs is reported using several analytical methods such as spectrophotometric, capillary electrophoresis and chromatographic methods. To our knowledge, there is no comprehensive reports which address all analytical methods for the analysis of amlodipine and combination, therefore we tried to gather as much as reports in one review paper to help researchers and industrial experts to easily access the information related to amlodipine analysis.

Solid waste management is one of the most difficult environmental problems in the urban center of developing countries, where services are often grossly deficient, particularly in low-income settlements. These settlements often comprise a sizable proportion of the city’s area and population. Rapid urban growth, increasing population density, traffic congestion, air and water pollution, increasing per capita generation of solid waste, and lack of land for waste disposal contribute to the aggravation of solid waste management problems. Future demands will increase with expanding residential, commercial, and industrial sectors and increasing economic development. This paper aimed to examine the current practice of solid waste management programs in the city of Al-Marj, which is located in the central northeastern area of Libya. Various problems of wastes in past and present, waste minimization hierarchy and people attitudes and awareness towards’ waste management are defined. We found that the lack of effective relationship between various stakeholders contributes to the unsuccessful good solid waste management practices in the study area. Sustainable solid waste management in Libya can be achieved through active participation of these stakeholders.

Solid waste management is one of the most difficult environmental problems in the urban center of developing countries, where services are often grossly deficient, particularly in low-income settlements. These settlements often comprise a sizable proportion of the city’s area and population. Rapid urban growth, increasing population density, traffic congestion, air and water pollution, increasing per capita generation of solid waste, and lack of land for waste disposal contribute to the aggravation of solid waste management problems. Future demands will increase with expanding residential, commercial, and industrial sectors and increasing economic development. This paper aimed to examine the current practice of solid waste management programs in the city of Al-Marj, which is located in the central northeastern area of Libya. Various problems of wastes in past and present, waste minimization hierarchy and people attitudes and awareness towards’ waste management are defined. We found that the lack of effective relationship between various stakeholders contributes to the unsuccessful good solid waste management practices in the study area. Sustainable solid waste management in Libya can be achieved through active participation of these stakeholders.

Doubtlessly, noting the growth of industry and the criticality of the environment at the present time and the significance of protecting and preserving the resources to achieve the sustainable development, establishing the appropriate cultural mechanisms which can be able to confront the probable problems rationally besides understanding the biological and human resources for achieving the goals of sustainable development and establish matching with the conditions is so necessary. Today, the subject of HSE in the industry and creating its relevant cultural context in the developing countries is significant and it is necessary to assess its position at the organizational level in several sessions. Assessing the climate of HSE in an organization can depict a realistic picture of the staff understanding of the subject of HSE and their duties. The purpose of carrying out this study is to identify the main assessing factors of the climate of HSE in an organization and studying one of the industrial units in order to determine the position of them with a view to HSE. This descriptive-analytical study is being carried out based on the review of the literature and its results to identify the factors of HSE climate and then assessing the climate of HSE among the staff of a combined cycle power plant. The survey (questionnaire) contains forty-three questions and is adjusted based on the 9- point Likert Scale Eight factors are being determined by means of an appropriate correlation for assessing the HSE climate. The validity of the questionnaire was achieved by means of Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient of 0.727 and the final result of the questionnaire evaluates an intermediate climate of HSE in the organization.

With the ascent of the environmental conservation movement, the petroleum industry has placed greater affirmation on minimizing the environmental impact of its operation. Improved environmental protection needs better education and training of industry personnel. The activities of finding and producing petroleum, however, can impact the environment, and the greatest impact arises from the release of waste into the environment in concentration that are not naturally found. These wastes include hydrocarbons, solids contaminated with hydrocarbons, water contaminated with a variety of dissolved and suspended solids and a wide variety of chemicals. The most significant steps in reducing adverse environmental influence are for the industry to take a proactive approach to managing operations and become educated about those activities that can potentially damage the environment. The proactive approach includes adopting an attitude of environmental responsibility not just to comply with regulations but to actually protect the environment while doing business. Petroleum operations requires a conception of assembled issues facing the upstream petroleum industry. These issues pertain to operations that generate wastes, treatment methods to reduce their volume and/or toxicity. In this article the importance of auditing in all processes of production and drilling in petroleum industry has been shown.

Due to the ever-increasing number of vehicles, transportation issues, especially transportation safety have gained great importance. One of the social problems in the world, and particularly in developing countries, which each year imposes great casualties, and economic, social and cultural costs on society, is traffic accidents. Traffic accidents cause waste of time and assets and loss of human resources in society, therefore studies and measures to reduce accidents and damage caused by them, particularly in recent decades, has become important. One of the suggested ways to deal with the problem of car accidents is the modeling of accident-prone points, as by identifying these points, factors affecting accidents can be identified, and elimination of these factors leads to a reduction in accidents. Numerous studies have been conducted in this respect, using official police data to identify these points and performing necessary analysis on them. Official data has gaps and shortcomings. Using Volunteered Geographic Information to determine accident-prone venues can be a suitable answer to the problems of using official data. The aim of this study is the use of volunteered geographic information in relation to the accidents and their causes. By taking into account factors affecting traffic accidents in the study area, and determining the importance of each factor, as well as the severity-of-accidents parameter, and using the Expert Choice software, a decision-making software based on the hierarchical analysis, high-risk venues are determined, and the accident-prone points of the study area are specified.